Dimensions
Given in inches and/or millimeters, a module’s size determines how many can fit in a given space, whether on a roof or on a ground- or pole-mount. If rack information is also known, the number of rows and each row length can be determined, based on the space intermodule clips add between modules (typically 1/2- to 1-inch per gap). Many manufacturers will also diagram the appropriate rail positioning for their modules, such as how much of the module can overhang the rails, and whether rails can cross the module in a landscape or portrait orientation or both. Be sure to follow the complete manufacturer’s instructions, as required by the National Electrical Code [110.3(B)].

Area Simply width times length, the area of a module is useful for checking power density (watts per ft.2). The total module area can be used along with site-specific data to calculate wind uplift forces and thus lag bolt requirements, or to calculate weight loading on a structure.

Thickness The frame thickness determines what rack components to use, like slip-in racks, or the required size of end and intermodule clips. Typically, thicker frames result in sturdier, although heavier, modules.

Weight Most permitting authorities will ask for basic structural engineering data for roof-mounted PV arrays, and there will be a limit to the weight that can be added to a roof structure. Module weight, rack weight, and engineering data will restrict the quantity of PV modules that can be installed. Crystalline, glazed modules with plastic backsheets typically weigh about 3 pounds per square foot.
Many jurisdictions allow PV modules to be installed on pitched residential roofs without a professionally engineered design, as long as there is only one layer of existing roofing material present.

Cells Cells will be either monocrystalline, polycrystalline, ribbon silicon, thin-film, or even multiple silicon layers, such as with Sanyo’s HIT module. Electrical characteristics, efficiencies, and appearance vary by cell type (see “A Peek Inside PV,” HP132).
Modules can have variable numbers of cells (usually between 36 and 108), with each crystalline cell operating at around 0.5 VDC, wired in series or series-parallel configurations. For example, a 72-cell module with all cells in series will operate at a voltage of about 36 volts. But a 72-cell module with two series strings of 36 cells paralleled will operate at about 18 V, perfect for charging a 12 V battery.

Cell Dimensions While all crystalline PV cells operate near 0.5 volts per cell, the diameter of the cell (normally 5 or 6 inches) will partially determine the current output of the cell, with larger cells producing higher current.

Glazing Most crystalline modules use low-iron, high-transparency tempered glass with an antireflection surface treatment. Low-iron glass has high clarity, and tempered glass shatters into small fragments, instead of sharp shards, if broken. Modules are strenuously tested for weight loading and impact resistance, and the front glazing of a module is extremely durable. Thin-film modules may use a polymer film (plastic) as the front sheet, which is designed for arrays in high-impact environments.

Features:

1. Packaged 12 V systems contain Module, Battery, high Efficiency Electronics and Luminaires
2. Ready-to-use kit is easy to install, easy to use, and requires negligible maintenance
3. Works for 3-5 days even when there’s no sunshine Available in a wide range of models

Applications:

1. Homes
2. Hospitals
3. Offices
4. Stores
5. Banks
6. Community Halls
7. Educational Institutions

Features:

1. Modular design with the option of customizing and adding on Solar Modules
2. Designed to power fans, lights, TVs. Ideal for rural & suburban households
3. Modules available with 2-4 hours/day back up in standalone mode along with 4-8 hours/day back up in hybrid mode
4. Works on both Solar and AC mains power
5. Protected against over load, short circuit, battery deep discharge, over charge and reverse flow conditions
6. In-built AC mains battery charger and Solar Charge Controller with temperature compensation
7. Table/ Wall mountable inverter